{"id":99463,"date":"2024-11-22T11:32:42","date_gmt":"2024-11-22T03:32:42","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/www.viralrail.com\/?p=99463"},"modified":"2024-11-22T11:32:45","modified_gmt":"2024-11-22T03:32:45","slug":"dcpynxlx","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/www.viralrail.com\/blog\/99463.html","title":{"rendered":"DTU\u4ea7\u54c1\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>DTU(Data Terminal Unit\u6216Data Transfer Unit)\uff0c\u5373\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4e91\u7aef\u3002<\/strong>DTU\u4ea7\u54c1\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u65e0\u7ebf\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u900f\u660e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u76d1\u6d4b\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u6d4b\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fdc\u7a0b\u673a\u623f\u76d1\u6d4b\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u662f\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u6280\u672f\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0cDTU\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u65e5\u76ca\u51f8\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001DTU\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u7279\u70b9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000DTU\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u8bbe\u5907\u901a\u8fc7\u63a5\u53e3\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7f51\u7edc(\u59822G\/3G\/4G\/5G)\u8fdb\u884c\u65e0\u7ebf\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6216\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u53cd\u5411\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0b\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u6216\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u7531\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u5230DTU\uff0c\u518d\u7531DTU\u901a\u8fc7\u63a5\u53e3\u4f20\u9001\u7ed9\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9e\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u7b49\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u8bbe\u5907\u63a5\u5165\u4e91\u7aef\uff1a<\/strong>DTU\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0\u8bbe\u5907\u63a5\u5165\u4e91\u7aef\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8fdc\u7a0b\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u534f\u8bae\uff1a<\/strong>\u5982Modbus\u3001Canopen\u3001SNMP\u7b49\u5e38\u7528\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97DTU\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u5165\u5404\u79cd\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65e0\u7f1d\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1a<\/strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u5b9a\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\u7684DTU\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u4fbf\u6377\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u9ad8\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff1a<\/strong>\u652f\u6301\u591a\u4e2d\u5fc3TCP\/UDP\u900f\u660e\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a<\/strong>\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u529b\u7535\u51fb\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u4e13\u5229\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u6027\u80fd\u7a33\u5b9a\u53ef\u9760\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u9ad8\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff1a<\/strong>\u5de5\u4f5c\u6e29\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5bbd\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e13\u4e3a\u65e0\u4eba\u503c\u5b88\u73af\u5883\u800c\u751f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u9ad8\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff1a<\/strong>\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5728\u7ebf\u4fdd\u6301\u673a\u5236\u786e\u4fdd\u8bbe\u5907\u6c38\u8fdc\u5728\u7ebf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001DTU\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684DTU\u4ea7\u54c1\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u79cd\u54c1\u724c\u7684GPRS DTU\u3001WIFI DTU\u3001CAN DTU\u4ee5\u53ca\u5168\u7f51\u901a5G\/4G DTU\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ea7\u54c1\u5404\u5177\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e1a\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002DTU\u4ea7\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u5f62\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3000\u30001.&nbsp;\u6309\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u3000\u3000<strong>GPRS DTU<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong>\u5229\u7528\u516c\u5171\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7f51\u7edcGPRS\u7f51\u7edc(\u53c8\u79f0G\u7f51\u7edc)\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u65e0\u7ebf\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u3000\u3000<strong>WIFI DTU<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong>\u57fa\u4e8eWIFI\u65e0\u7ebf\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u65e0\u7ebf\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u5e73\u53f0\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u540c\u6b65\u5728\u7ebf\u6570\u636e\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u5fae\u4fe1\u3001\u77ed\u4fe1\u62a5\u8b66\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u3000\u3000<strong>CAN DTU<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong>\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5982\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u4e1a\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u3000\u3000<strong>4G\/5G DTU<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong>\u529f\u80fd\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u7528\u9014\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u57df\u540d\u548cIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd0\u8425\u5546APN\u6216VPDN\u4e13\u7f51\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u79cd\u901a\u4fe1\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u8fdc\u7a0b\u77ed\u4fe1\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8bbe\u5907\u91cd\u542f\u3001\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8bbe\u5907\u53c2\u6570\u914d\u7f6e\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u3000\u3000<strong>TPUNB DTU<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong>\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u4eea\u8868\u4f20\u611f\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d85\u8fdc\u8ddd\u79bb\u65e0\u7ebf\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u3000\u3000<strong>LoRa DTU<\/strong><strong>\u3001<\/strong><strong>NB-IoT DTU<\/strong><strong>\u7b49\uff1a<\/strong>\u968f\u7740\u5176\u4ed6\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6210\u719f\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u65b0\u578bDTU\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3000\u30002.&nbsp;\u6309\u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000DTU\u901a\u5e38\u652f\u6301RS485\u3001RS232\u3001I\/O\u3001TTL\u7b49\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u524d\u7aef\u91c7\u96c6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u6309\u5916\u5f62\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u901a\u7528<\/strong><strong>DTU<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong>\u5177\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5916\u58f3\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f<\/strong><strong>DTU<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong>\u6ca1\u6709\u5916\u58f3\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u4e3b\u677f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u63a5\u5e76\u96c6\u6210\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u91c7\u96c6\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u3001DTU\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000DTU\u4ea7\u54c1\u56e0\u5176\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\u3001\u7ec4\u7f51\u7075\u6d3b\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u7a33\u5b9a\u7b49\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u5de5\u4e1a\u76d1\u6d4b\uff1a<\/strong>\u5982\u77f3\u6cb9\u3001\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u7b49\u7269\u8d44\u7684\u50a8\u5b58\u548c\u8fd0\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u6e7f\u5ea6\u7b49\u73af\u5883\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u6d4b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u5728\u71c3\u6c14\u7ba1\u7f51\u3001\u77f3\u6cb9\u7ba1\u7f51\u3001\u70ed\u7f51\u76d1\u63a7\u3001\u81ea\u6765\u6c34\u7ba1\u7f51\u76d1\u63a7\u3001\u6cb9\u7530\u76d1\u63a7\u3001\u8def\u706f\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u4e5f\u6709\u5e94\u7528\uff0cDTU\u8ba9\u76d1\u63a7\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u519c\u4e1a\u7ba1\u7406\uff1a<\/strong>DTU\u53ef\u4ee5\u76d1\u63a7\u6c34\u5206\u4f9b\u5e94\u3001\u751f\u957f\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u65bd\u80a5\u9891\u7387\u7b49\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u72b6\u51b5\u53d1\u9001\u63a7\u5236\u6307\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u519c\u4e1a\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u7535\u529b\u9886\u57df\uff1a<\/strong>\u5982\u914d\u7535\u76d1\u63a7\u3001\u7535\u7f51\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u6284\u8868\u3001\u7535\u7f51\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b49\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0cDTU\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e14\u9700\u6c42\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0a\u6da8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u73af\u5883\u76d1\u6d4b\uff1a<\/strong>\u5982\u6c34\u5229\u76d1\u6d4b\u3001\u6c14\u8c61\u76d1\u6d4b\u3001\u5730\u9707\u707e\u5bb3\u76d1\u6d4b\u7b49\uff0cDTU\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u9ad8\u667a\u80fd\u6027\uff1a<\/strong>\u652f\u6301\u667a\u80fd\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5524\u9192\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u65ad\u7535\u91cd\u542f\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u81ea\u52a8\u590d\u4f4d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u667a\u80fd\u5bb6\u5c45\uff1a<\/strong>\u5c06\u667a\u80fd\u5bb6\u5c45\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u73af\u4fdd\u76d1\u6d4b\uff1a<\/strong>\u81ea\u52a8\u76d1\u6d4b\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u6c34\u8d28\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u4e0a\u4f20\u6570\u636e\u5230\u4e91\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u667a\u80fd\u4ea4\u901a\uff1a<\/strong>\u5b9e\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u9053\u8def\u62e5\u5835\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u6574\u4fe1\u53f7\u706f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u57ce\u5e02\u4ea4\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3000\u3000\u56db\u3001DTU\u4e0e\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u7ed3\u5408<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97+\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0+\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u91c7\u96c6\u6280\u672f\u548c\u91c7\u96c6\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002DTU\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u901a\u8baf\u8bbe\u5907\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u7f51\u5173\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e32\u53e3\u6216\u65e0\u7ebf\u6280\u672f\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u63a5\u5165\u4e91\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u5408\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u672a\u6765\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u9884\u671f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u652f\u6491\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3000\u3000\u4e94\u3001 RS485 DTU\u548cRS232 DTU\u5728\u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000RS485 DTU\u548cRS232 DTU\u5728\u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3000\u30001.&nbsp;<strong>\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>RS485<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5dee\u5206\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u7535\u538b\u68c0\u6d4b\u9608\u503c\u548c\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5171\u6a21\u6291\u5236\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u5728\u957f\u8ddd\u79bb\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u66f4\u4f73\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cRS485\u652f\u6301\u591a\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u7ebf\u7f06\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u591a\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>RS232<\/strong>\uff1a\u662f\u5355\u7ebf\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u8ddd\u79bb\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u957f\u8ddd\u79bb\u6216\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3000\u30002.&nbsp;<strong>\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>RS485 DTU<\/strong>\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u957f\u8ddd\u79bb\u901a\u4fe1\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u591a\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7279\u6027\uff0cRS485 DTU\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u591a\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u7535\u7f51\u3001\u73af\u5883\u76d1\u6d4b\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u667a\u6167\u80fd\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0cRS485\u63a5\u53e3\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8fde\u63a5\u5fae\u673a\u4fdd\u62a4\u88c5\u7f6e\u3001\u901a\u8baf\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u548c\u914d\u7535\u7ec8\u7aef\u52a0\u5bc6\u76d2\u7b49\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>RS232 DTU<\/strong>\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u901a\u4fe1\u7279\u6027\uff0cRS232 DTU\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u901a\u4fe1\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5982\u5bb6\u5ead\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3001\u5c0f\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u90e8\u901a\u4fe1\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5c4f\u853d\u53cc\u7ede\u7ebf\u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u9760\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u573a\u5408\uff0cRS232\u63a5\u53e3\u4e5f\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3000\u3000\u516d\u3001DTU\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000DTU(Data Transfer Unit\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u5355\u5143)\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u548c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u524d\u666f\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51(IIoT)\u548c\u667a\u80fd\u5236\u9020\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cDTU\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u73b0\u573a\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u5e76\u4e0a\u4f20\u81f3\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\uff0cDTU\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76d1\u63a7\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u7ef4\u62a4\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63a8\u52a8\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3000\u30001.&nbsp;DTU\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8bbe\u5907\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5927\u591a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u5de1\u68c0\u548c\u672c\u5730\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u800cDTU\u7684\u5f15\u5165\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f20\u7edf\u3002DTU\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u73b0\u573a\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6570\u636e(\u5982\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u538b\u529b\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u7535\u6d41\u3001\u632f\u52a8\u7b49)\u91c7\u96c6\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\u6216\u76d1\u63a7\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u770b\u8bbe\u5907\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u3001\u62a5\u8b66\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5e72\u9884\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u8bbe\u5907\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u4e0e\u5b9e\u65f6\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u548c\u5b9e\u65f6\u5206\u6790\u6210\u4e3a\u4f18\u5316\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bbe\u5907\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002DTU\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u4f20\u7edf\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u6216\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u53f7\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u9002\u5408\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5982<strong>Modbus\u3001Profibus\u3001OPC\u7b49\u534f\u8bae<\/strong>\u4e0e\u8bbe\u5907\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5b9e\u65f6\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u81f3\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\u6216\u672c\u5730\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u5de5\u4e1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u5236\u9020<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000DTU\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0<strong>\u5de5\u4e1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u667a\u80fd\u5236\u9020<\/strong>\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u73b0\u573a\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u7b49\u667a\u80fd\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b9e\u65f6\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u4e91\u7aef\uff0cDTU\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6570\u636e\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u548c\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u667a\u80fd\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6570\u636e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u7ef4\u62a4\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u6574\u751f\u4ea7\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u751f\u4ea7\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e0e\u8bbe\u5907\u6545\u969c\u8bca\u65ad<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u7ef4\u62a4\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5e94\u7528\uff0cDTU\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e3a\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6545\u969c\u8bca\u65ad\u548c\u9884\u9632\u6027\u7ef4\u62a4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002DTU\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u65f6\u4f20\u8f93\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u632f\u52a8\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u538b\u529b\u7b49\uff0c\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\u6216\u672c\u5730\u7cfb\u7edf\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u6545\u969c\u8bca\u65ad\u3001\u5206\u6790\u8bbe\u5907\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u524d\u9884\u6d4b\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6545\u969c\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u7a81\u53d1\u505c\u673a\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u80fd\u6e90\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u80fd\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u9762\uff0cDTU\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e<strong>\u667a\u80fd\u7535\u8868<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u667a\u80fd\u6c34\u8868<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u6c14\u4f53\u76d1\u6d4b<\/strong>\u7b49\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u6d4b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u3001\u6392\u653e\u60c5\u51b5\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f01\u4e1a\u8fdb\u884c\u80fd\u6e90\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u51cf\u5c11\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u5b89\u5168\u76d1\u6d4b\u4e0e\u62a5\u8b66<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5371\u9669\u6027\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5982\u5316\u5de5\u3001\u77f3\u6cb9\u3001\u77ff\u5c71\u7b49\u884c\u4e1a\uff0cDTU\u80fd\u591f\u91c7\u96c6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u76d1\u6d4b\u6570\u636e(\u5982\u6c14\u4f53\u6d53\u5ea6\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u538b\u529b\u7b49)\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u65f6\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u76d1\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u8d85\u8fc7\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u81ea\u52a8\u62a5\u8b66\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e8b\u6545\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u3000\u30002.&nbsp;DTU\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u968f\u7740<strong>\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51<\/strong>\u548c<strong>5G\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f<\/strong>\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cDTU\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u65ad\u6df1\u5316\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\u548c\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u968f\u7740\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5de5\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u5bf9\u9ad8\u901f\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<strong>5G\u6280\u672f<\/strong>\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\u548c\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0cDTU\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u5c06\u5927\u5927\u589e\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u4e0e\u8fb9\u7f18\u8ba1\u7b97<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u968f\u7740\u5de5\u4e1a\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5316\uff0cDTU\u4e0d\u518d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u91c7\u96c6\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684DTU\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u8fb9\u7f18\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u73b0\u573a\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u3001\u5206\u6790\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u4e0e\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8bb8\u591a\u5de5\u4e1a\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u65e0\u6cd5\u9891\u7e41\u66f4\u6362\u7535\u6c60\u6216\u7ef4\u62a4\u7535\u6e90\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u662fDTU\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u5411\u3002<strong>LoRa\u3001NB-IoT<\/strong>\u7b49\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97DTU\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fdc\u7a0b\u3001\u504f\u8fdc\u5730\u533a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4e14\u529f\u8017\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4e0e\u53ef\u9760\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u968f\u7740\u5de5\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u548c\u4e91\u5316\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u3002DTU\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5bb9\u9519\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000DTU\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6b63\u4e0d\u65ad\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u4ece\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u76d1\u63a7\u3001\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u5230\u5de5\u4e1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u5236\u9020\u3001\u80fd\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u7ef4\u62a4\u7b49\uff0cDTU\u90fd\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u968f\u7740\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cDTU\u5c06\u8fce\u6765\u66f4\u52a0\u5e7f\u6cdb\u548c\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u5de5\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u5411\u66f4\u52a0\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3001\u7eff\u8272\u8282\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DTU(Data Terminal Unit\u6216Data Transfer Unit)\uff0c\u5373\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4e91\u7aef\u3002DTU\u4ea7\u54c1\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u65e0\u7ebf\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":93533,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[59],"class_list":["post-99463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-d"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/\/www.viralrail.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99463","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"\/\/www.viralrail.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/\/www.viralrail.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.viralrail.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.viralrail.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=99463"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"\/\/www.viralrail.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99463\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.viralrail.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/93533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/\/www.viralrail.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=99463"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.viralrail.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=99463"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.viralrail.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=99463"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}